青年議會 Youth Parliament
►社會福利及衛生環境委員會 - 無效醫療
►議題簡介:
醫療資源的分配與使用一直都是我國近年來很重要的議題。然而,當我們仔細用放大鏡去檢視,卻發現有很大一部份的醫療資源是使用在「無效醫療」上。這個現象隨著媒體的披露及爭議的擴大,一次又一次地被推上了輿論的風口浪尖。
而到底什麼是無效醫療?根據衛福部的電子報,美國醫學會將無效醫療定義為:當治療病人時,若醫療服務可能只是延長其末期的死亡過程時,之後的處置也應被視為無效。而Schneiderman等人的研究指出,當治療能達目標的可能性少於1%時,則可認為是無效醫療」。一些醫學相關組織與醫界權威對於無效醫療都有自己的詮釋,然其中心思想皆相去不遠。
無效醫療既是「無效」的,表示它不僅會浪費社會的醫療資源,還會使病患邁入死亡的痛苦過程拖得更久而沒有實際效益。但家屬對病患能好轉的期待、對放棄治療的負罪感和不想再讓病患受苦的情感撕扯,卻不會因此而「無效」。如何在制度與情感倫理間找到平衡,是一個重要課題。
目前,我國針對無效醫療已制定出兩部法案,「安寧緩和醫療條例」已於日前開始施行,「病人自主權利法」則將於民國108年實施。然而,現今無效醫療卻依然屢見不鮮,顯現出這些制度並未發揮預期中的功效。
在這三天的議程中,主席希望代表們能以高中生的角度探討無效醫療這個議題,並了解我國目前針對無效醫療有制定出什麼樣的制度或法律、這些制度是否還有須改善的地方、高齡民眾的無效醫療是否可被囊括進現有制度,以及無效醫療的相關資源的分配問題等等。
►議題簡介:
醫療資源的分配與使用一直都是我國近年來很重要的議題。然而,當我們仔細用放大鏡去檢視,卻發現有很大一部份的醫療資源是使用在「無效醫療」上。這個現象隨著媒體的披露及爭議的擴大,一次又一次地被推上了輿論的風口浪尖。
而到底什麼是無效醫療?根據衛福部的電子報,美國醫學會將無效醫療定義為:當治療病人時,若醫療服務可能只是延長其末期的死亡過程時,之後的處置也應被視為無效。而Schneiderman等人的研究指出,當治療能達目標的可能性少於1%時,則可認為是無效醫療」。一些醫學相關組織與醫界權威對於無效醫療都有自己的詮釋,然其中心思想皆相去不遠。
無效醫療既是「無效」的,表示它不僅會浪費社會的醫療資源,還會使病患邁入死亡的痛苦過程拖得更久而沒有實際效益。但家屬對病患能好轉的期待、對放棄治療的負罪感和不想再讓病患受苦的情感撕扯,卻不會因此而「無效」。如何在制度與情感倫理間找到平衡,是一個重要課題。
目前,我國針對無效醫療已制定出兩部法案,「安寧緩和醫療條例」已於日前開始施行,「病人自主權利法」則將於民國108年實施。然而,現今無效醫療卻依然屢見不鮮,顯現出這些制度並未發揮預期中的功效。
在這三天的議程中,主席希望代表們能以高中生的角度探討無效醫療這個議題,並了解我國目前針對無效醫療有制定出什麼樣的制度或法律、這些制度是否還有須改善的地方、高齡民眾的無效醫療是否可被囊括進現有制度,以及無效醫療的相關資源的分配問題等等。
►經濟及教育、文化聯席委員會 - 海外就業潮帶來的人才外流危機
►議題簡介:
據行政院主計總處2017年3月發布「104 年國人赴海外工作人數統計結果」,近十年來我國到海外就業的人口,已從2005年的34萬人倍增,至2015年已逾72萬人。相較於鄰近國家,台灣長期低落的薪資水準成為人才外流的推力;且受限於以中小企業為主的企業結構,即使隨著教育普及,台灣已培育出不少專業人才,亦無法阻止其低就或轉移他國的現象。
專業人才的流失,大幅影響了台灣社會的競爭力,使許多台灣企業採取壓低成本的方式維持營運,卻也使低薪與專業人才流失陷入負面循環。政府雖已提出不少應對政策,但大多僅能片面地解決問題。
當大多數人抱怨薪水只有22K時,我們除了加強自己的競爭力外,還能做些什麼努力?期盼與會代表能在深入了解此議題後,從教育、經濟、社會等多個層面思考,提出務實的解決方案,為自己未來面臨的社會盡一份心力。
►議題簡介:
據行政院主計總處2017年3月發布「104 年國人赴海外工作人數統計結果」,近十年來我國到海外就業的人口,已從2005年的34萬人倍增,至2015年已逾72萬人。相較於鄰近國家,台灣長期低落的薪資水準成為人才外流的推力;且受限於以中小企業為主的企業結構,即使隨著教育普及,台灣已培育出不少專業人才,亦無法阻止其低就或轉移他國的現象。
專業人才的流失,大幅影響了台灣社會的競爭力,使許多台灣企業採取壓低成本的方式維持營運,卻也使低薪與專業人才流失陷入負面循環。政府雖已提出不少應對政策,但大多僅能片面地解決問題。
當大多數人抱怨薪水只有22K時,我們除了加強自己的競爭力外,還能做些什麼努力?期盼與會代表能在深入了解此議題後,從教育、經濟、社會等多個層面思考,提出務實的解決方案,為自己未來面臨的社會盡一份心力。
模擬聯合國 Model United Nations
►GA1: DISEC - Combating the Rise of Violent Non-State Actors in the Middle East
►Topic Introduction:
Non-State Actor(NSA), comparing to a State, is a structured political entity that takes part in international affairs independently and is indirectly connected to the State, yet applying means that affect a State’s essential interests. It can be simply separated into six categories: NGOs(Non-Governmental Organization), MNCs(Multinational Corporation), the international media, VNSAs(Violent Non-State Actor), religious groups, and transnational diaspora communities. Among all of these, the rise of the VNSAs, especially in the Middle East, has posed great threats to our international security.
Zooming into the scope of the Middle East, VNSAs in the area such as Al-Qaeda, Mujahideen, Taliban, ISIS etc. has challenged the status of the sovereign states in the Middle East by generating terror activities and inhumane means to civilians. Due to globalization, this matter has extended to a higher degree that has severely harmed international security. The United Nations has already formed several resolutions, such as GA Resol. 54/109 in 1999, to cope with the problem. However, the question hasn’t been fully solved yet.
Hence, here are some questions for the delegates to ponder: Is there a better definition of Non-State Actors or is the current definition of NSAs enough? Is it possible to tackle the VNSAs in the Middle East in the same manner or should the VNSAs be discussed on a case-by-case basis? Is it rational to negotiate with the VNSAs, or would this mean that their existence as a non-state entity is recognized? Lastly, what could different member States do in the joint effort to help promote both regional and international security regarding acts of terror? Make sure you’ve done your research and get ready for the tough nut to crack - the rise of VNSAs - in the Middle East.
►Topic Introduction:
Non-State Actor(NSA), comparing to a State, is a structured political entity that takes part in international affairs independently and is indirectly connected to the State, yet applying means that affect a State’s essential interests. It can be simply separated into six categories: NGOs(Non-Governmental Organization), MNCs(Multinational Corporation), the international media, VNSAs(Violent Non-State Actor), religious groups, and transnational diaspora communities. Among all of these, the rise of the VNSAs, especially in the Middle East, has posed great threats to our international security.
Zooming into the scope of the Middle East, VNSAs in the area such as Al-Qaeda, Mujahideen, Taliban, ISIS etc. has challenged the status of the sovereign states in the Middle East by generating terror activities and inhumane means to civilians. Due to globalization, this matter has extended to a higher degree that has severely harmed international security. The United Nations has already formed several resolutions, such as GA Resol. 54/109 in 1999, to cope with the problem. However, the question hasn’t been fully solved yet.
Hence, here are some questions for the delegates to ponder: Is there a better definition of Non-State Actors or is the current definition of NSAs enough? Is it possible to tackle the VNSAs in the Middle East in the same manner or should the VNSAs be discussed on a case-by-case basis? Is it rational to negotiate with the VNSAs, or would this mean that their existence as a non-state entity is recognized? Lastly, what could different member States do in the joint effort to help promote both regional and international security regarding acts of terror? Make sure you’ve done your research and get ready for the tough nut to crack - the rise of VNSAs - in the Middle East.
►ECOSOC(CCPCJ) - Preventing and Combating Cybercrime
►Topic Introduction:
With rapid advances of Internet technology, cybercrime has become a new form of crime that is gradually infiltrating our lives. Cybercrime includes not only fraud and copyright infringement but also theft of personal data and such cases have grown exponentially in recent years. Here are just some examples of incidents from the recent years. Details of Yahoo account users were stolen with a technique called credential stuffing; a massive power blackout in Ukraine was the first known such instance to be linked to a malicious cyberattack ; ransomware families already hit a 172% increase in the first half of 2016. In addition to personal security issues, cybercrime also causes impacts on public security and international politics. Incidents of cybercrime have grown with a speed we did not expect. We must come up with a more concerted effort to fight it before things get out of control.
Unlike conventional criminal activities, the nature of cybercrime is not barred by any political borders and this is why it is one of the most difficult and urgent international issues. If governments want to track the occurrence of cybercrime timely, we need to develop the investigative powers for electronic evidence and reach a consensus on criminal justice against cybercrime. However, how to take the balance privacy protection with crime prevention while gathering evidence will also be an important subject to tackle.
►Topic Introduction:
With rapid advances of Internet technology, cybercrime has become a new form of crime that is gradually infiltrating our lives. Cybercrime includes not only fraud and copyright infringement but also theft of personal data and such cases have grown exponentially in recent years. Here are just some examples of incidents from the recent years. Details of Yahoo account users were stolen with a technique called credential stuffing; a massive power blackout in Ukraine was the first known such instance to be linked to a malicious cyberattack ; ransomware families already hit a 172% increase in the first half of 2016. In addition to personal security issues, cybercrime also causes impacts on public security and international politics. Incidents of cybercrime have grown with a speed we did not expect. We must come up with a more concerted effort to fight it before things get out of control.
Unlike conventional criminal activities, the nature of cybercrime is not barred by any political borders and this is why it is one of the most difficult and urgent international issues. If governments want to track the occurrence of cybercrime timely, we need to develop the investigative powers for electronic evidence and reach a consensus on criminal justice against cybercrime. However, how to take the balance privacy protection with crime prevention while gathering evidence will also be an important subject to tackle.
►ECOSOC(UNHCR) - Countering Xenophobic Reactions Against Refugees
►Topic Introduction:
According to UNHCR, there are currently 22.5 million refugees in the world. These refugees, due to war conflicts or famine, are forced to leave their motherland and seek asylum in another country. During their voyage they face hardships from unforgiving nature, local warlords, malicious human traffickers, hostile foreign governments and more.
When refugees manage to survive the treacherous journey to a safe country, they then face the possibility of being rejected at the border and deported to yet another country. If they are fortunate enough to reach a new country that provides asylum, they then have to learn a new language and adjust to an alien culture and conventions, the task of which can be daunting and takes years, even decades. However, during this process they often face hostility and the xenophobic reactions from locals and even local institutions. They are labelled outsiders, become scapegoats of existing problems, often seen as terrorist suspects, or end up as victims in hate crime.
Since the Syrian Civil War in 2011, the UN has campaigned hard against xenophobia and racism against refugees, emphasizing that such attitude and behavior must be tackled before effort to help displaced refugees resettle and assimilate in destination countries can be effective. However, the representation of refugees by the media and politicians in receiving countries, the general misunderstanding of the public, the lack of communication and cooperation between nations, and the threat of potential and ongoing terrorist attacks, have all further complicated the thorny issue. Consensus and a more concerted effort with practical strategies are urgently needed for the international community to work together to help refugees and their host countries.
►Topic Introduction:
According to UNHCR, there are currently 22.5 million refugees in the world. These refugees, due to war conflicts or famine, are forced to leave their motherland and seek asylum in another country. During their voyage they face hardships from unforgiving nature, local warlords, malicious human traffickers, hostile foreign governments and more.
When refugees manage to survive the treacherous journey to a safe country, they then face the possibility of being rejected at the border and deported to yet another country. If they are fortunate enough to reach a new country that provides asylum, they then have to learn a new language and adjust to an alien culture and conventions, the task of which can be daunting and takes years, even decades. However, during this process they often face hostility and the xenophobic reactions from locals and even local institutions. They are labelled outsiders, become scapegoats of existing problems, often seen as terrorist suspects, or end up as victims in hate crime.
Since the Syrian Civil War in 2011, the UN has campaigned hard against xenophobia and racism against refugees, emphasizing that such attitude and behavior must be tackled before effort to help displaced refugees resettle and assimilate in destination countries can be effective. However, the representation of refugees by the media and politicians in receiving countries, the general misunderstanding of the public, the lack of communication and cooperation between nations, and the threat of potential and ongoing terrorist attacks, have all further complicated the thorny issue. Consensus and a more concerted effort with practical strategies are urgently needed for the international community to work together to help refugees and their host countries.